INTRODUCTION
Solid
wastes are being produced since the beginning of civilization. Over the years, there has been a
continuous migration of people from
rural and semi-urban areas to towns and cities. The proportion of population residing in urban areas has
increased from 10.84℅ in 1901 to 25.70℅ in
1991. The uncontrolled growth urban areas has left
many Indian cities deficient in infrastructural services such as water supply, sewerage and municipal solid
wastemanagement. Solid Waste Management is a part of public health and sanitation. Solid Waste Management is one of the most neglected aspects of India’s
environment. The management activity being of a local nature, the Urban Local
Body undertakes the task of solid
waste service delivery, with its own
staff, equipment and funds. Satisfactory performance of any public utility depends on
institutional infrastructure with required manpower and equipment, adequate
financial inputs, legislative powers and publicresponse.
Municipal Solid Waste Management Rule 2016
· The
union ministry of environment forests and climate change recently notified the
new solid waste management rule 2016. These wil replace the municipal solid
waste ( management and handling ) 2000,which have been in place for the past 16
years.
· These
rules are 6 category of waste management rule brought out by the ministry as it
has earlier notified plastic,e-wastagae, biomedical hazardous and construction
and demolition waste management rule the have not pushed for decentralised management
waste but have encouraged centralized statement such as waste to angry the
present state of which is not good in the country. Also the informal sector has
been considerably neglected in the new rules.
· According
to union minister of state for environmental forests and claimant change 62
millions Tonnes is plastic waste 0.17 million tonnes is biomedical waste
hazardous waste generation is 7.90 million tonnes per annum 15 lakh tonnes is e
waste and only about 75-80% of the municipal waste gets collected and only
22-28% of this waste process and the treated.
Salient features of Solid
waste management
· The
new rules have mandated the source segregation of waste in order to channelize
the waste to wealth by recovery reuse and recycle. Waste generators would now
have to segregated waste into three stream
biodegradable ,dry and domestic hazardous waste before handling it over
to the collector .
· The
source segregation of waste has been mandated to channelize the waste to wealth
by recovery, reuse and recycle.
· Responsible
of generators have been introduced to segregate waste in to three stream,wet
(biodegradable),dry ( plastic,paper,metal, wood,etc) and domestic hazardous
waste.
· Integration
of waste pickers/ ragpickers and waste dealers/ kabadiwalas in the the formal
system should be done by state Government and self help Group, or any other
group to be formal.
· No
person should throw ,burn or bury the solid waste generated by him on street
open public space outside his premises or in the drain or water bodies.
· Generator
will have to pay user fee to waste collector and for spot fine for littering
and non segregation.
· Used
sanitary waste like diapers sanitary pads should be wrapped securely in provide
by manufacturer or brand owners of these products or in a suitable wrapping
material and shall place the same in the bin meant for dry waste non
biodegradable waste.
· The
concept of partnership in swachh bharat has been introduced. Bulk and
institutional generators market association event organizer and restaurants
have been made directly responsible for segregation and sorting the waste and
manage in partnership with local bodies.
· All
hostels and restaurants should segregate biodegradable waste and set up a system
of collection or follow the system of collection set up by local body to ensure
that such food waste is utilzed for composting biomethanation.
· All
residents welfare and market association gated communities and institution with
an area 5000 sq.m should segregate waste at source in to valuable dry waste
like plastic,tin,glass,paper,etc. And handover recyclable materials to either
the authorised waste pickers or the authrized recyclers or to the urban local
body.
· The
biodegradable waste should be processed treated and disposal of through
composting or bio methanation within the premises as far as possible. The
residual waste shall be given to the waste collector or agency as directed by
the local authority.
· New
townships and group housing societies have been made responsible to develop in
house waste handling and processing arrangements for biodegradable waste.
· Every
street vendor should keep suitable containers for storage of waste generated
during the course of his activities such food waste disposable plates, cup,
cans, wrappers, coconut shells, leftovers food, vegetables, fruits, etc.
Deposit such waste at storage depot or containers or vehicals as notified by
the local authority.
· The
developer of special economic zone, industrial park to earmark at least 5% of
the total area of the plot or minimum 5 plot shed for recovery and recycling
facilities.
· All
manufacturer of disposal products such as tin, glass, plastic, etc.Or brand
owners who inteoduce such products in the market shall provide necessary financial
assistance to local authorities for the establishment of waste management
system.
· All
such brand owners who sale or market their products in such packaging materials
which are non biodegradable should put in place a system to collect back the
packaging waste generated due to their production.
· Manufacturer
or brand owners or marketing companies of sanitary napkins and diapers should
explore the possibility of using all recyclable materials in their products or
they shall provide a pouch or wrapper for disposal of napkins or diapers along
with the packet of Their sanitary products.
· All
such manufacturer brand owners or marketing companies should educate the masses
for wrapping and disposal of Their products.
· All
industrial units using fuel and located within 100km from a solid waste based
RDF plant shall make arrangements within six months from the date of
notification of these rule to replace at least 5% of their fuel requiby RDF so
produced.
· Non
recyclable waste having calorific value of 1500 k/cal/kg or more shall not be
disposed of on landfill and shall only be utilised for generating energy either
or through refuse derived fuel or by giving away as feed stock for preparing
refuse derived fuel.
· High
calorific waste shall be used for co processing in cement or thermal power
plants.
· Construction
and demolition waste should be stored separate disposal off as per the
construction and demolition waste management rules 2016.
· Horticulture
waste and garden waste generated form his premises should be disposed as per
the direction of local authority.
· In
case of non availability of such land effort shall be made to set up regional
sanitary landfill for the inert residual waste.
REFERANCES
www.techknowledgebooks.com
www.wekipedia.org/wastemanagement
www.academia.education
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